As the Piedra Museo settlement (Santa Cruz province) shows, it seems that the first "Argentineans" lived there as far as 13,000 years ago. Its inhabitants were hunters and nomadic gatherers. They hunted Mylodons, Hyppidions (South american horses that disappeared 10,000 years ago), guanacoes, llamas and ñandues (rhea).

Another important settlement, found before Piedra Museo, is Los Toldos, which is situated 100 km North of that one and where, 12000 years ago, used to live another groups of "Argentineans"